The harms of class imbalance corrections for machine learning based prediction models: a simulation study
August 10, 2025
The harms of class imbalance corrections for machine learning based prediction models: a simulation study (Carriero et al. 2024)
\[\text{Class 0:} \; \mathbf{X} \sim MVN(\mathbb{\mu_{0}, \mathbb{\Sigma_{0}}}) = MVN(\mathbf{0}, \mathbb{\Sigma_{0}})\] \[ \text{Class 1:} \; \mathbf{X} \sim MVN(\mathbb{\mu_{1}, \mathbb{\Sigma_{1}}}) = MVN(\mathbb{\Delta}_{\mu}, \mathbb{\Sigma_{0}} - \mathbb{\Delta}_{\Sigma}) \] For 8 predictors, the mean and covariance structure for class 0 was: \[ \mu_0 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad \Sigma_0 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0.2 & 1 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0.2 & 0.2 & 1 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 1 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 1 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}. \]
The mean and covariance structure for class 1 was: \[ \mu_1 = \begin{bmatrix} \delta_\mu \\ \delta_\mu \\ \delta_\mu \\ \delta_\mu \\ \delta_\mu \\ \delta_\mu \\ \delta_\mu \\ \delta_\mu \end{bmatrix}, \quad \Sigma_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1-\delta_\Sigma & z & z & z & z & z & 0 & 0 \\ z & 1-\delta_\Sigma & z & z & z & z & 0 & 0 \\ z & z & 1-\delta_\Sigma & z & z & z & 0 & 0 \\ z & z & z & 1-\delta_\Sigma & z & z & 0 & 0 \\ z & z & z & z & 1-\delta_\Sigma & z & 0 & 0 \\ z & z & z & z & z & 1-\delta_\Sigma & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1-\delta_\Sigma & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1-\delta_\Sigma \end{bmatrix}. \]
\[ C = \Phi \left(\sqrt{\Delta'_\mu ( \Sigma_0 + \Sigma_1)^{-1} \Delta_\mu} \right) \]
\[ \log \left(\frac{P(Y_i=1)}{1 - P(Y_i=1)}\right) = \beta_0 + \log\left(\frac{p_i}{1 - p_i}\right) \]
\[ BS = \frac{1}{N} \sum\limits_{t=1}^N (f_t - o_t)^2 \]
Metric
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Control
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RUS
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ROS
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SMOTE
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SENN
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | |
| Scenario 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concordance | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Brier Score | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Calib. Int. | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| MCMC Error | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.07 |
| Calib. Slope | 0.92 | 0.96 | 1.25 | 0.91 | 1.46 | >10.0 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 1.25 | 0.90 | 1.46 | >10.0 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 1.21 | 0.56 | 1.26 | >10.0 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 1.21 | 0.89 | 1.43 | >10.0 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.78 | 0.52 | 0.83 | 1.62 |
| MCMC Error | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 0.34 |
| Scenario 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concordance | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.82 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Brier Score | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.15 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Calib. Int. | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| MCMC Error | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 0.10 |
| Calib. Slope | 0.85 | 0.97 | 1.27 | 0.79 | 1.52 | >10.0 | 0.67 | 0.96 | 1.26 | 0.62 | 1.30 | >10.0 | 0.76 | 0.61 | 1.10 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 1.78 | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.84 | 0.41 | 0.78 | 1.71 | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.66 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 1.48 |
| MCMC Error | 0.14 | 0.55 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.16 |
| Scenario 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concordance | 0.84 | 0.71 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.79 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Brier Score | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
| Calib. Int. | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | >10.0 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calib. Slope | 0.90 | 1.41 | 0.63 | 0.84 | 1.49 | >10.0 | 0.54 | 0.96 | 1.18 | 0.52 | 1.26 | 1.86 | 0.72 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 1.67 | 0.62 | 0.16 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 1.50 | 0.57 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 1.38 |
| MCMC Error | 0.12 | >10.0 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.66 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
Metric
|
Control
|
RUS
|
ROS
|
SMOTE
|
SENN
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | LR | SVM | RF | XG | RB | EE | |
| Scenario 4 Recalibrated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concordance | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.84 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Brier Score | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calib. Int. | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calib. Slope | 0.92 | 0.90 | 1.46 | >10.0 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 1.21 | 0.56 | 1.26 | >10.0 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 1.21 | 0.89 | 1.43 | >10.0 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.78 | 0.52 | 0.83 | 1.62 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 1.25 | 0.91 | 1.46 | >10.0 | 1.25 |
| MCMC Error | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
| Scenario 5 Recalibrated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concordance | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.82 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Brier Score | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Calib. Int. | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calib. Slope | 0.85 | 0.62 | 1.30 | >10.0 | 0.76 | 0.61 | 1.10 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 1.78 | 0.71 | 0.97 | 0.55 | 0.84 | 0.41 | 0.78 | 1.71 | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.66 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 1.48 | 0.67 | 0.96 | 1.26 | 0.79 | 1.52 | >10.0 | 1.27 |
| MCMC Error | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.55 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.20 |
| Scenario 6 Recalibrated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concordance | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.71 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.79 |
| MCMC Error | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Brier Score | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calib. Int. | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| MCMC Error | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | >10.0 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calib. Slope | 0.90 | 0.52 | 1.26 | 1.86 | 0.72 | 0.14 | 0.56 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 1.67 | 0.62 | 1.41 | 0.16 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 1.50 | 0.57 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 1.38 | 0.84 | 1.49 | >10.0 | 0.54 | 0.96 | 1.18 | 0.63 |
| MCMC Error | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.11 | >10.0 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.66 | 0.32 | 0.20 |